Greece3

= ** Ancient Greece ** = =  =  **

PERSIAN Chart ** · ** Leaders, Elites ** · ** Structure--Laws ** · ** Role of Religion ** · ** Conflict ** · ** Diplomacy, Treaties ** · ** Judicial ** || The Greeks were the first people ever to have a democratic government. Before this they had monarchies, oligarchies and tyrannies. There is not a systematic record of laws from Ancient Greece, but there is evidence that laws did exist. || · ** Philosophy ** · ** Focus ** · ** Trade, Commerce ** · ** Capital/Money ** · ** Role of merchnats ** || In Ancient Greece, agriculture employed about 80% of the population. Artisans traded and sold their goods such as pottery and crafts. The government also collected taxes. || · ** Origins ** · ** Beliefs, Teaching ** · ** Conversion ** · ** Holy Books ** · ** Influence on Society* ** || The Greeks were polytheistic and there are many myths featuring their gods. They aimed to please the gods, and were punished harshly when they did not. They also built many temples and monuments for their gods, and held celebrations for them. || ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Family ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Gender Relations ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Social Classes ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Inequalities—coercive labor ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Life Styles ** || There was a large inequality between men and women in ancient Greece. Women were expected to lead private lives and run the home while the men took on an active role in society. Women’s social status and legal rights were based of her husband or partner’s. There were slaves in ancient Greece. They had no legal rights and very few were paid. || ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Art, Music ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Writing, Literature ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Philosophy ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Math & Science ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Education ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Technology ** || The Greeks were talented artists. Their sculptures portrayed humans in their most perfect forms, and were copied for many years to come. Many famous philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were Greek. They made contributions to many fields such as math, with mathematicians like Pythagoras, who developed the Pythagorean theory. || ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Location ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Physical ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Movement ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Human/Environment ** ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ** Region ** || Greece is a mountainous peninsula. It is located by the Mediterranean sea. Greece’s geography was important in its development because it led to the establishment of city-states and maritime trade. ||
 * Culture/Civilization: Ancient Greece **
 * Time Period: Classical **
 * || ** Factual Information ** ||
 * POLITICAL **
 * POLITICAL **
 * ECONOMIC **
 * ECONOMIC **
 * RELIGIOUS **
 * RELIGIOUS **
 * SOCIAL **
 * SOCIAL **
 * INTELLECTUAL, ARTS **
 * INTELLECTUAL, ARTS **
 * NEAR: GEOGRAPHY **
 * NEAR: GEOGRAPHY **

Socrates, a Greek philosopher who is famous A Greek olive tree. Olives were one of the for promoting the idea that "A unexamined life main crops in Greece, and used to make is not worth living." olive oil.

A depiction of a Spartan Warrior. The The Parthenon, a temple in Athens built to honor Spartans were fierce and vicious warriors, the god Athena. and their society's main focus was on military.

These two images show the contrast in societal values in Sparta and Athens. Sparta focused on military and war preparation, whereas Athens was an intellectually based society. Ancient Greece Conrad-Demarest Model

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 * I. Necessary preconditions for the rise of empires:**
 * It had state level governments in its city states. Athens had a democratic government, while Sparta had a monarchy.
 * environmental mosaic
 * Due to Greece’s mountainous geography, it was split into many city-states. Each city-state was unique, and they had different forms of government, and different societal values.
 * Athens and Sparta directly contrasted each other. Sparta placed a high importance on military training, and combat. Boys were trained to be warriors at a young age. In Athens, the utmost importance was placed on learning. While boys in Sparta were trained to be warriors, Athenian boys were trained to be public speakers.
 * Sparta’s highly trained warriors used spears and swords as military weapons. Athens’ greatest military resource was its strong navy.
 * II. The primary reason a state succeeded in empire building**
 * Sparta and Athens were able to succeed because of their peoples’ strong belief in their philosophies. The people in both societies were involved with the things that drove their city-states. Athenian males participated in the democracy that made Athens unique, and in Sparta the men made up the famous army.
 * III. The major rewards of empire:**
 * Athens formed the Delian league with other city states. It was the largest and most powerful city-state, and tributes were paid to Athens by other city-states. Athens expanded with buildings such as the Parthenon and advances in philosophy. Sparta continued to increase its military power, and in a quest for more land, conquered the Helots, enslaving them and forcing them to do their agricultural work. Money was not distributed in Sparta to keep one person from having more than the other.
 * Athens population grew under the rule of Pericles, enjoying a golden age. Sparta continued to increase in size with each conquest, and due to the intense physical training each Spartan had to undergo, they were very healthy and had children.
 * IV. Empires fall because:**


 * The city-states in Greece began warring among each other, making Greece very hectic and vulnerable to outside invaders.
 * Sparta eventually conquered Athens after the Peloponnesian War. Sparta placed Athens under its rule, but then had such a large area to rule, they were unable to defend it. They found themselves constantly at war with other city-states. These constant battles deteriorated their strength.
 * After Sparta was weakened, Greece was conquered by Alexander the Great.




 * Classical Period 480 – 323 B.C.**

1. 479 B.C. – Greeks defeat Persian army at the Battle of Plateae

2. 477 B.C. – Delian league lead by Athens

//3.// 472 B.C. – Aeschylus writes first surviving play, //The Persians//

4. 470 B.C. – Socrates, Greek Philosopher is born

5. 465 B.C. – Helot revolt against Sparta

6. 461 B.C. – First Peloponnesian Wars begin, last until 445 B.C.

7. 460 B.C. – Perikles leads Athens through its "Golden Era" (ca. 460-429)

8. 458 B.C. – Aeschylus produces //Oresteia// trilogy of tragedies//: Agamemnon,// //Libation Barers,// and //Eumenides//

9. 455 B.C. – Thucydides. historian of the Peloponnesian Wars is born

10. 449 B.C. – Construction of Parthenon begins on the Acropolis

11. 449 B.C. – Sophocles produces the tragedy //Ajax//

12. 446 B.C. – Thirty-year peace treaty between Athens and Sparta ends first Peloponnesian War

13. 441 B.C. – Sophocles writes //Antigone//

14. 431 B.C. – Euripedes writes //Medea//

15. 431 B.C. – Second Peloponnesian War begins

16. 430 B.C. – Plague in Athens

17. 429 B.C. – Perikles dies Plague epidemic in Athens

18. 427 B.C. – Plato, Greek philosopher is born

//19.// 424 B.C. – Sophocles writes //Oedipus Rex//

20. 421 B.C. – Peace of Nicias

21. 420 B.C. – Construction of Temple of Athena Nike begins, ends in 410 22. 418 B.C. – Athenians resume war, Spartans defeat Athens at Mantinea

23. 413 B.C. – Syracuse defeats Athens

24. 411 B.C. – Aristophanes writes //Lysistrata//

25. 405 B.C. – Aristophanes writes //The Frogs//

26. 404 B.C. – Athens surrenders to Sparta and is ruled by 30 Tyrants

27. 403 B.C. – Democracy restored in Athens

28. 399 B.C. – Trial and execution of Socrates

29. 384 B.C. – Aristotle, Greek philosopher and naturalist, is born

30. 380 B.C. – Plato establishes the Athens Academy

31. 359 B.C. – Philip II, becomes King of Macedonia

32. 338 B.C. – Macedonian army defeats Athens a. League of Corinth founded

33. 336 B.C. – Alexander the Great becomes king of Macedonia

34. 335 B.C. – Aristotle founds the Lyceum in Athens

35. 334 – 326 B.C. – The armies of Alexander invade Asia and conquer from Egyptto India, establishing Alexandrian Empire

36. 330 B.C. – Euclid, inventor of modern geometry is born

37. 323 B.C. – Alexander the Great dies