Persia2

550 BCE–330 BCE Achaemenid Dynasty Timeline The Battle of Issus:occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333B.C. The invading troops, led by the young Alexander of Macedonia, defeated the army personally led by Darius the III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia.
 * __Achaemenid Dynasty of the Persian Empire__ **
 * __Picture Gallery__**

The Battle of Granicus May 334 BC was the first of three major battles fought between Alexander the Great and the Persian Empire. Fought in Northwestern Asia Minor, near the site of Troy.



The Tomb Cyrus The Great. Cyrus the Great was the Creator of This Empire.

A picture of Xerxes Most famously known as the leader of the Persian army when they fought the Spartans from the Movie 300

**PERSIAN Chart**
 * Culture/Civilization: __Achaemenid Dynasty of the Persian Empire__ **

· ** Leaders, Elites ** · ** Structure--Laws ** · ** Role of Religion ** · ** Conflict ** · ** Diplomacy, Treaties ** · ** Judicial ** || ** Monarchy-Satrapy, Bureaucracy ** Empire was divided into 23 satrapies or provinces. A [|satrap] or governor administered a region. A General ensured order and supervised military recruitment. A state secretary kept official records. The general and the state secretary reported directly to the central government. The twenty three satrapies were linked by a 2,500-kilometer highway. · ** Philosophy ** · ** Focus ** · ** Trade, Commerce ** · ** Capital/Money ** · ** Role of merchnats ** || ** Economy was gold and silver coinage system. ** **Extensive Trade network of commodities throughout the entire Empire**. **Trade became one of the empires most important sources of revenue along with tribute and agriculture.** || || || · ** Origins ** · ** Beliefs, Teaching ** · ** Conversion ** · ** Holy Books ** · ** Influence on Society* ** || ** Major Religion-Zoroastrianism ** One creator and supreme force that rule over all creation [|Ahura Mazda]. In addition there are two governing force __asha__ and __druj__ which control the good and the bad events that happen in the world. ** Was adopted by the kings and quickly became a defining element of Persian culture. ** || || || <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Family ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Gender Relations ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Social Classes ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Inequalities—coercive labor ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Life Styles ** || ** Social Hierarchy ** Promoted Honesty Forbid Slaves Craftsman, peasants and merchants were the near the bottom <span style="font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Book','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: KO;"> priests had high status, only below the king and royal family || || || <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Art, Music ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Writing, Literature ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Philosophy ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Math & Science ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Education ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Technology ** || ** The Persians were very tolerant about art as long as the finished product looked Persian. ** || || || <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Location ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Physical ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Movement ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Human/Environment ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Region ** || ** The **** Achaemenid Empire was centered near the Black and Mediterranean seas and reached the Indus River at the height of its expansion. ** ASSEMENT OF HOW EMPIRE ADHERES TO COMRAD-DEMRAST MODEL OF EMPIRE:
 * Time Period: 550 through 330 BCE **
 * || ** Factual Information ** || ** Quote ** || ** CCOT ** ||
 * POLITICAL **
 * POLITICAL **
 * The Persians were very tolerant about local government and culture due to the empires large Size **
 * Persia is considered the foe of the ancient Greek city-states and was conquered by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE. **
 * The language used most often was Imperial Aramaic and could have contributed to the empire’s success. ** || || ||
 * ECONOMIC **
 * ECONOMIC **
 * Due to the extensive trade many Persian words such as lemon, shawl and, sash have been incorporated in English and throughout the middle east. **
 * RELIGIOUS **
 * RELIGIOUS **
 * SOCIAL **
 * SOCIAL **
 * INTELLECTUAL, ARTS **
 * INTELLECTUAL, ARTS **
 * Due to the empires large size art and architecture was an incorporation of many differ styles from all across the empire. **
 * Lying was considered a cardinal sin and punishment could be death. **
 * Children from the age of 5 through 20 were taught to ride, shoot the bow, and speak the truth. **
 * NEAR: GEOGRAPHY **
 * NEAR: GEOGRAPHY **
 * It relied on a system of highways to communicate, fight wars and, and function properly. ** || || ||

<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">The <span class="yshortcuts" style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #0066cc 1px dashed; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Achaemenid Empire follows and adheres by the Comrad-Demerast model of Empire for the most part. They had most of the “preconditions for a rise of an empire” and met the requirements for a “state level government”, as the empire was divided into regions called satrapies. Each satrapy was ruled by its own satrap. Although it does not meet the requirement of having a “power vacuum” as all satrap had to answer to the Central government. They definitely had the potential for agriculture as the area around the Caspian Sea was very fertile and allowed them to grow crops such as cantaloupe, carrots, cherries, and other crops, some of which were not yet discovered in the Western World. The Achaemenid Empire definitely had military recourses as the conquered most of the land around them including Iraq, Iran , Pakistan , Armenia , Turkey , Bulgaria , and most of Egypt and Greece. The primary reasons the state succeeded in building it’s empire mostly adhered to the Conrad-Demarest model. The Achaemenid Empire was built on the values of truth and justice, making it easy for subjects to identify with the state. Although they were very successful in the area of conquest (they eventually became the largest empire in history), this is not to say militarism was the main focus as it was in Sparta. Learning to “speak the truth” was the most important thing that school children were taught. A “druj” or lie was considered the cardinal sin in ancient Persia. At the height of the empire, the population obviously increased, as the empire had expanded to over 7.5 million kilometers. Unfortunately, this started to become an issue and one of the reasons for the fall of the empire, which also adheres to the Comrad-Demerast model. Eventually, the empire got too big to rule, and the taxes were raised extremely high to maintain the large area. This caused economic struggles, which made the empire vulnerable to attack. <span class="yshortcuts" style="border-bottom: #0066cc 1px dashed; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Alexander the Great would attack Persia over the years from 334-330 BCE. Eventually, the king at the time, Darius III was killed by his own kinsmen who were under the influence of Alexander. This ended the Achaemenid Rule and started the new, <span class="yshortcuts" style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #0066cc 1px dashed; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Seleucid Empire.


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